COFFEE is a kind of drink, usually served hot, and prepared from the seeds of the coffee plant that is baked. Currently coffee is a commodity second most traded after petroleum. A total of 6.7 million tons of coffee produced in the period 1998 to 2000 alone. It is estimated that in 2010, world coffee production will reach 7 million tonnes per year (FAO). Coffee is a major source of caffeine.
history
The history of coffee can be traced from around the 9th century, in the highlands Eithopia. From there then spread to Egypt and Yemen, and then in the fifteenth century to reach a wider Persia, Egypt, Turkie and northern Africa.
At first coffee was less accepted by most people. In 1511, due to stimulating effect, banned by the conservative, orthodox imams at a theological court in Mecca. However, due to the popularity of this drink, then the ban in 1524 on the orders of Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Turks. In Cairo, Egypt, a similar ban was also passed in 1532, where coffee and coffee warehouse is closed.
From the Muslim world, coffee spread to Europe, where it became popular during the 17th century. The Dutch were the first to import coffee on a large scale to Europe, and eventually smuggled seeds in 1690, due to the plant or the raw seeds are not allowed outside the Arab region. It then continues on a coffee plantation in Java by the Dutch.
When coffee reached the American colonies, was initially not as successful in Europe, as a poor substitute for alcohol. However, during the Revolutionary War, the demand for coffee increased, until the dealers had to hoard their scarce supplies and raise prices dramatically; in part this is due to the reduced availability of tea from British merchants. Interest of Americans to grow coffee in the early 19th century, following the War of 1812, which temporarily cut off access to tea imports, and also because of advancements in brewing technology, the position of coffee as an everyday commodity in the United States rose.
Types of coffee beans
There are two species of coffee plant; Arabica coffee is traditional, and is considered the most tasty, Robusta has a higher caffeine can is developed in an environment where Arabica will not grow, and make it a cheap substitute for Arabica. Robusta usually do not enjoy themselves, because it tastes bitter and sour. High quality Robusta is usually used in some espresso blends.
Arabica coffee is usually called by the dock where they are exported, the two oldest is Mocha and Java. Modern coffee trade is more specific about where they came from, coffee labeling on the basis of countries, regions, and sometimes the author field.
One type of coffee that is unusual and very expensive is robusta in Indonesia called civet coffee. This coffee is collected from civet droppings, which pencernaanya process gives a unique flavor.
Benefits of coffee
Coffee, the black silencer drowsiness again proved as rich beverage properties, if the previous study decaffeinated, one of the content of coffee, can reduce the risk of diabetes, improving blood circulation and relieve dizziness, turns coffee can also make sperm can swim faster and stimulate male fertility .
A study by a group of researchers from the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil said the man who regularly drink a cup of coffee every morning to have sperm able to swim more agile than men who never drank coffee in the morning.
They studied 750 men who will perform vasectomy and divide it into four groups based on the amount of coffee they consume, namely: those who do not drink coffee, light coffee drinkers (between one to three cups of coffee per day), moderate coffee drinkers (between four-six cups per day) and heavy coffee drinkers (more than six cups per day). This study used a 100ml cup size scale.
As a result, those who regularly consume coffee a day had sperm quality is much healthier than those who do not consume coffee.
The content of caffeine in coffee helps sperm able to swim faster than helping improve sperm sample in the process of IVF (in vitro fertilization), the method of fertilization outside the womb.
The research published in the Journal of the results of the conference of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, in San Antonio.
A cup of coffee help overcome numbness
A cup of strong coffee may have more benefits than just make people awake until morning, drink it also can prevent people developing multiple sclerosis / MS (multiple sclerosis).
Some researchers in Oklahoma found that mice appeared to be protected from conditions such as MS -mati sense in which the whole body by drinking six to eight cups of coffee per day. "This is an exciting finding and unexpected, and I think it could be important for the study of MS and other diseases," said Linda Thompson, from the Oklahoma Medical Researh Foundation.
Caffeine prevents adenosine, one of the four building blocks in DNA, mixed with the receptor in mice. Adenosine is common molecule in humans and plays a major role in helping to control the biochemical processes for sleep and suppressing arousal.
These findings may have important implications for other diseases such as autoimmune lupus and arthritis, the researchers said. However, there is still much work to be done further research since mice are not human, so it may not be too sure whether caffeine will have the same effect in humans susceptible to MS without further testing.
As many as 2.5 million people worldwide are thought to suffer from multiple sclerosis, disorders of the central nervous system resulting in loss of muscle coordination.
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